ARTHROSCOPY IN KNEE

Arthroscope is an optical instrument. It is basically of 2 types 1) Viewing and 2) Operating.
However with development of fiberoptics and triangulation, viewing arthroscope has become a historical curiosity.
The instrument consists of a optical system, fiber optic light source and television camera. The arthroscope is introduced in the joint through standard portals. Interiors of the joint can be inspected, as displayed on the television screen. Specially designed operating instruments are used to treat intrarticular ailments.
Arthroscopy in knee, has distinct advantages. The keyhole surgery is done through very small incisions. Hence ,there is less inflammatory reaction and reduced post operative morbidity.
Triangulation is an important concept in arthroscopy. It involves use of one or more instruments inserted through separate portals. Arthroscope , tip of instrument and tip of arthroscope forms a triangle. It requires development of psychomotor skills to bring instruments in mono ocular field of vision.

The term arthroscopy, in orthopaedics is almost synonymous with knee arthroscopy. Knee is approached through standard anteromedial and anterolateral portals.
Knee is examined thoroughly for following compartments.
1) Supra patellar pouch and patellofemoral joint
2) Medial gutter
3) Medial compartment
4) Intercondylar notch
5) Posteromedial compartment
6) Lateral compartment
7) Lateral gutter and posterolateral compartment

Arthroscopic surgeries
Arthroscopy can be used for diagnosis; but it has various therapeutic uses.
a) Meniscectomy
b) Decompression of meniscal cyst and discoid meniscus
c) Removal of loose body
d) Release of synovial Plica
e) drilling of osteochondritis dessicans
f) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

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