FRACTURES AROUND KNEE

Knee injuries occur in younger age group. Though most of internal derangement of knee occurs in adult due to sports injuries. Road traffic accidents causes fractures. Dashboard injury is a common mechanism.

Patellar Fracture
Nearly 1% of all fractures are patellar .They can be caused by traction injury or by direct impact.
Classification
1. Undisplaced transverse fracture
2. Displaced transverse fracture
3. Comminuted undisplaced fracture
4. Comminuted displaced fracture
5. Upper or lower pole fracture
6. Vertical fracture
7. Osteochondral fracture


Tibial plateau fracture
The plateau fracture is caused by high velocity trauma. This fracture is complicated by neurovascular deficits, compartment syndrome, open injuries, ligamentomeniscal injuries.

Schatzkar classification
1. Pure cleavage (Lateral condyle is split)
2. Cleavage with depression.(Lateral condyle is split and depressed)
3. Pure central depression (occurs in osteoporotic )
4. Fracture of medial condyle
5. Bicondylar fracture
6. Plateau fracture with dissociation of metaphysis and diaphysis.


Hohl & Moore’s classification: (Fracture dislocations)
1. Coronal split fracture (Involving medial condyle in 45 degree coronal plane that may extend laterally upto fibula)
2. Entire condyle fracture
3. Rim avulsion fracture ( Involves lateral condyle, associated with capsular tears and vascular injuries )
4. Rim compression type (Unstable associated with avulsion of cruciates)
5. Four part fracture (Unstable with Collateral avulsed And neurovascular injuries)